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  1. Control of foot-and-mouth disease (FMD) is hampered by inadequate biosecurity measures, border transcending serotype strains and unavailability of broad coverage vaccines. In this investigation, six FMD antibo...

    Authors: Momtaz Wasfy, Abdel Hamid Bazid, Mohamed Nayel, Emad B. Ata, Wael K. Elfeil, Mohamed Attia and Magdy Elsayed
    Citation: Virology Journal 2025 22:98
  2. In recent decades, viral outbreaks have significantly threatened global health, with herpes simplex virus type 2 (HSV-2) being one of the most prevalent infections. This study evaluated novel spiropyrimidine d...

    Authors: Esraa A. Manie, Emad M. Elzayat, Sherif S. Ragab, Ayman M. Sweed, Hosny Ibrahim, Sherif Nasser and Abdou K. Allayeh
    Citation: Virology Journal 2025 22:97
  3. To develop an adequate system for assessing the duration of IFN antiviral activity in the nasal cavity of animals and to study the antiviral activity of a new IFN drug in the form of a gel in comparison with t...

    Authors: N. Bezdieniezhnykh, O. Lykhova, G. Borshchevskiy, Ye. Kruglov and M. Borshchevska
    Citation: Virology Journal 2025 22:96
  4. La Crosse virus (LACV) is a mosquito-borne arbovirus responsible for pediatric encephalitis in North America, predominantly affecting children under 16 years. Early and accurate diagnosis is critical to reduci...

    Authors: Lily Lumkong, Reem Alatrash, Sainetra Sridhar, Prince Baffour Tonto and Bobby Brooke Herrera
    Citation: Virology Journal 2025 22:95
  5. Nef-mediated down-regulation of the host restriction factors SERINC3 and SERINC5 significantly enhances HIV-1 infectivity. Natural Nef polymorphisms that affect SERINC3 down-regulation are not as well-characte...

    Authors: Nikeisha Samlall, Tarylee Reddy, Nasreen Ismail, Mark A. Brockman, Zabrina L. Brumme, Thumbi Ndung’u and Jaclyn K. Mann
    Citation: Virology Journal 2025 22:94
  6. Human norovirus (HNV) is the predominant pathogen causing outbreaks of acute gastroenteritis globally. Despite significant efforts to combat norovirus infections, there is currently no FDA approved vaccine or ...

    Authors: Xianglan Liu, Jiaming Hu, Jiarui Wu, Yiru Tian, Jinbo Wang, Chunyan Wu, Qingfeng Chen, Leonard Krall, Yanping He and Qun Lu
    Citation: Virology Journal 2025 22:93
  7. Grass carp (Ctenopharyngodon idella) hemorrhagic disease (GCHD) is a devastating disease that leads to substantial economic losses in the freshwater aquaculture industry.

    Authors: Weiguang Kong, Guangyi Ding, Qiushi Zhang, Xinjie Yuan, Yuchao Zhu, Liyuan Ma, Chang Cai, Yong Shi, Qianqian Zhang and Zhen Xu
    Citation: Virology Journal 2025 22:92
  8. Although viral infections are one of the common clinical manifestations in patients with inborn errors of immunity (IEIs), little is known about the epidemiology, susceptibility genes, and clinical status of v...

    Authors: Haiqiao Zhang, Wenjie Wang, Qinhua Zhou, Jia Hou, Wenjing Ying, Xiaoying Hui, Jinqiao Sun, Lipin Liu, Luyao Liu, Chenhao Wang, Hai Zhang, Bijun Sun and Xiaochuan Wang
    Citation: Virology Journal 2025 22:91
  9. Avian infectious bronchitis (IB) is a highly contagious respiratory disease that affects the poultry industry globally. The disease is caused by avian infectious bronchitis virus (IBV), member of the genus Gammac...

    Authors: Nigusu Berhanu, Eyob Hirpa, Hawa Mohammed, Abinet Legesse, Getaw Deresse, Eyob Assefa, Takele Tesgera, Mirtneh Akalu, Takele Abayneh, Berecha Bayissa, Liyuwork Tesfaw, Kenaw Birhanu and Esayas Gelaye
    Citation: Virology Journal 2025 22:90
  10. Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) Omicron has demonstrated decreased pathogenicity, yet a few individuals suffer severe pneumonia from coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) infection; ...

    Authors: Zhan Li, Min Peng, Linlin Cheng, ZiRan Wang, Ziyan Wu, Futai Feng, Xinxin Feng, Siyu Wang, Ye Guo and Yongzhe Li
    Citation: Virology Journal 2025 22:89
  11. Viral metagenomics has expanded significantly in recent years due to advancements in next-generation sequencing, establishing it as the leading method for identifying emerging viruses. A crucial step in metage...

    Authors: Gabriel Montenegro de Campos, Luan Gaspar Clemente, Alex Ranieri Jerônimo Lima, Eleonora Cella, Vagner Fonseca, João Paulo Bianchi Ximenez, Milton Yutaka Nishiyama Jr, Enéas de Carvalho, Sandra Coccuzzo Sampaio, Marta Giovanetti, Maria Carolina Elias and Svetoslav Nanev Slavov
    Citation: Virology Journal 2025 22:88
  12. Staphylococcus saprophyticus (S. saprophyticus) is the second most prevalent etiological agent of urinary tract infections (UTIs) in young women. However, there is a paucity of data regarding its bacteriophage (p...

    Authors: Hesamaddin Shirzad-Aski, Mahsa Yazdi, Alireza Mohebbi, Maryam Rafiee, Abbas Soleimani-Delfan, Alijan Tabarraei and Ezzat Allah Ghaemi
    Citation: Virology Journal 2025 22:87
  13. Bats are reservoirs for numerous viruses that cause serious diseases in other animals and humans. Several mechanisms are proposed to contribute to the tolerance of bats to these pathogens. This study investiga...

    Authors: Iyanuoluwani J. Owolabi, Shazeed-Ul Karim, Sweta Khanal, Sergio Valdivia, Christopher Frenzel, Fengwei Bai and Alex S. Flynt
    Citation: Virology Journal 2025 22:86
  14. Authors: Ali N. Alhafufi, Samy Kasem, Fahad N. Almajhdi, Hassan A. Albaqshi, Fanan A. Alaql, Ehab A. Rihan, Ehab M. Abd-Allah, Ameen A. Alyousaf, Yahya K. Aljasem, Najwa D. Aljehani, Mohei A. Haridy, Ahmed R. Alhimaidi and Ahmed S. Abdel-Moneim
    Citation: Virology Journal 2025 22:85

    The original article was published in Virology Journal 2025 22:1

  15. Escherichia coli-associated urinary tract infections (UTIs) are among the most prevalent bacterial infections in humans. Typically, antibiotic medication is used to treat UTIs, but over the time, growth of multid...

    Authors: Hira Niaz, Mikael Skurnik and Fazal Adnan
    Citation: Virology Journal 2025 22:83
  16. SARS-CoV-2 infection has been responsible of COrona VIrus Disease (COVID-19) pandemia and can cause a variety of symptoms including gastrointestinal disorders, abdominal pain and liver injury. The host recepto...

    Authors: Carolina Simioni, Juana Maria Sanz, Roberta Gafà, Giovanna Cenacchi, Savino Occhionorelli, Angelina Passaro and Luca Maria Neri
    Citation: Virology Journal 2025 22:82
  17. We identified 14 key genes associated with mitochondrial autophagy in sepsis through differential analysis of the dataset and then analysed the identified genes for functional enrichment. The analysis of key g...

    Authors: Dong-po Wei, Wei-wei Jiang, Chang-xing Chen, Zi-yang Chen, Fang-qing Zhou, Yu Zhang and Jian Lu
    Citation: Virology Journal 2025 22:81
  18. It is unclear whether nucleos(t)ide analogs (NUCs) continuation provides clinical benefits following HBsAg seroclearance with pegylated interferon (PEG-IFN)-based therapy. This study aims to investigate the ro...

    Authors: Na Gao, Haishi Wu, Bin Li, Huiying Yu, Lili Wu, Jing Zhang, Nan Zhang, Bingliang Lin, Qiyi Zhao and Zhiliang Gao
    Citation: Virology Journal 2025 22:80
  19. Small mammals, including rodents, shrews and moonrats are widespread and serve as natural reservoirs for many viral pathogens. However, the composition and distribution of wild animal viromes remain poorly und...

    Authors: Yongman Guo, Chao Su, Hanwei Liang, Xueqi Jiang, Ruifu Yang, Junbin Ye, Thomas R. Gillespie, Zihou Gao and Lei Xu
    Citation: Virology Journal 2025 22:79
  20. Faced with the recrudescence of viral CRESS-DNA plant diseases, the availability of efficient and cost-effective tools for routine diagnosis and genomic characterisation is vital. As these viruses possess circ...

    Authors: Daniel H. Otron, Denis Filloux, Andy Brousse, Murielle Hoareau, Babbitha Fenelon, Cécile Hoareau, Emmanuel Fernandez, Fidèle Tiendrébéogo, Jean-Michel Lett, Justin S. Pita, Philippe Roumagnac and Pierre Lefeuvre
    Citation: Virology Journal 2025 22:78
  21. The burden of Respiratory Syncytial Virus (RSV) associated adult emergency department visits in comparison to other respiratory viruses like Influenza and SARS-CoV-2 remains less studied.

    Authors: J Ronczka, S von Bonin, A Laubner, K Hochauf-Stange, M Rank and M Kolditz
    Citation: Virology Journal 2025 22:76
  22. In China, human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) poses a significant challenge to older heterosexual adults. This study explored the transmission dynamics of HIV infection among older adults in northern Zhejiang P...

    Authors: Wanjun Chen, Qin Fan, Wei Cheng, Jiafeng Zhang, Lin He, Jun Jiang, Xiaoqi Liu, Xiaojuan Zhu, Hui Xing, Yi Feng, Ping Zhong, Xiaohong Pan and Chengliang Chai
    Citation: Virology Journal 2025 22:75
  23. Pegylated interferon alpha (Peg-IFN-α) has the potential to eradicate hepatitis B surface antigen (HBsAg). This study aimed to investigate whether the expression levels of lymphocyte antigen 6 family member E ...

    Authors: Yiru Shan, Hao Pang, Yao Tang, Na Yang, Rui Wang, Fan Yang and Bo Qin
    Citation: Virology Journal 2025 22:74
  24. Hepatitis C is a contagious disease caused by infection with the hepatitis C virus (HCV) through blood and mother-to-child routes. This study intends to characterize the serum molecular features of hepatitis C...

    Authors: Jianqiong Wang, Andong Xia, Min Tang, Shengjun Yang, Yandi Shen, Jinhua Dao, Rui Tao and Wei Yue
    Citation: Virology Journal 2025 22:73
  25. The persistence of high-risk human papillomavirus (HPV) infection is well-established as a key etiological factor in the progression to cervical intraepithelial neoplasia (CIN) and cervical cancer (CC). This s...

    Authors: Yan Wang, Reyilanmu Maisaidi, Shihan Zhang, Yibanuer Reheman and Lili Han
    Citation: Virology Journal 2025 22:72
  26. Severe fever with thrombocytopenia syndrome (SFTS) is an emerging tick-borne infectious disease discovered in the 21st century. Human-to-human transmission of the disease has been documented, but the mechanism...

    Authors: Na Chu, Wan-Hang Lu, Xiu-Jie Chu, Jia-Bing Wu, Wei Chen, Lei Gong, Dan-Dan Song, Xiao-Wei Tan, Han-Bing Liu, Wen-Wen Liu, Yong Sun, Xiu-Zhi Chen, Ming Li and Xu-Xiang Liu
    Citation: Virology Journal 2025 22:70
  27. Echovirus 30 (E30) is a significant pathogen associated with various illnesses such as viral meningitis, viral myocarditis. Currently, there are no specific drugs or vaccines targeting this virus. An appropria...

    Authors: Ying Qu, Jing Wang, Yongbei Chen, Shengjun Xiao, Yunyi He, Ning Zhang, Huanying Zheng, Qiliang Liu and Hongbo Liu
    Citation: Virology Journal 2025 22:69
  28. Human papillomavirus (HPV) infection is a key factor in the development of cervical cancer and HPV genotyping is crucial for screening. There are significant differences in the pathogenic potential of the vari...

    Authors: Zuyi Chen, Qichen Cheng, Xinyue Zhang, Feng Tao, Nana Li, Ganglin Liu, Xuejiao Mu, Mei Zhang, Zeling Dong and Qiongyao Li
    Citation: Virology Journal 2025 22:68
  29. Bacteriophages are the most genetically diverse biological entities in nature. Our current understanding of phage biology primarily stems from studies on a limited number of model bacteriophages. Jumbo phages,...

    Authors: Sharayu Magar, Sivaraj Barath, Debmitra Sen, Ranjith Kumar Singari, T. Nagarajan, Anjali Parmar and Sutharsan Govindarajan
    Citation: Virology Journal 2025 22:67
  30. Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) causes Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), which is a huge global health threat. Interleukin27 (IL-27) gene is a cytokine that produces antiviral p...

    Authors: Hanan Hamdy, Reem H. Elhamammy, Manal Abdelmageed and Ahmed Wahid
    Citation: Virology Journal 2025 22:66
  31. Human immunodeficiency virus-1 (HIV-1) is the causative agent of acquired immunodeficiency syndrome, which is a major global health problem. Although combination antiretroviral therapy (cART) successfully expa...

    Authors: Kyung-Lee Yu, YoungHyun Shin, Dong-Eun Kim, Jeong-Ah Kim, Jeong-Eun Kang, Pooja Singh, Keun Woo Lee, Chul Min Park, Hojin Kwon, Sunwoo Kim, Songmee Bae and Cheol-Hee Yoon
    Citation: Virology Journal 2025 22:65
  32. The influenza virus causes infectious respiratory disease with high morbidity and mortality worldwide. Influenza B typically goes unnoticed owing to its mild clinical symptoms and limitations. However, its inc...

    Authors: Xing Lu, Weifeng Li, Ping Li, Yongqiang Li, Yanni Gou, Tao Wang, Zhifeng Liu and Yuting Wu
    Citation: Virology Journal 2025 22:64
  33. Newcastle disease virus (NDV) is a causative agent of Newcastle disease (ND), a major infectious poultry disease associated with significant economic losses. Vaccination is usually effective at preventing the ...

    Authors: Berihun Dires Mihiretu, Tatsufumi Usui, Tesfaye Rufael Chibssa and Tsuyoshi Yamaguchi
    Citation: Virology Journal 2025 22:63
  34. In recent years, viral pneumonia has become a significant challenge to global public health, particularly during the COVID-19 pandemic. Viral pneumonia can be caused by various viruses, including influenza vir...

    Authors: Hao Zhang, Chunxia Ge, David Fisher, Nguyen Thi Thu Hien, Erkin Musabaev, Khrystyna Pronyuk, Yin Xia, Zhide Zhu, Yan Wang, Yiping Dang and Lei Zhao
    Citation: Virology Journal 2025 22:62
  35. Picornaviruses, common infectious agents in humans and various animal species, pose significant health threats. Conventional monoplex PCR is widely employed in laboratory diagnostics but is relatively time-int...

    Authors: Shunchang Fan, Minyi Zhang, Yucheng Li, Jingli Tian, Juxian Xian and Qing Chen
    Citation: Virology Journal 2025 22:61
  36. In China, Cervical cancer is one of the common malignant tumors in females, and high-risk human papillomavirus (HR-HPV) infection is one of its main causative factors. However, human papillomavirus (HPV) infec...

    Authors: Han Liu, Mingming Jiang, Jiaying Wu, Yue Dai, Minyi Xu, Lei Wang and Muyuan Ji
    Citation: Virology Journal 2025 22:59
  37. COVID-19 appears to have a progression of three stages. The latter stage is characterized by a high level of cytokine release, which in turn triggers an uncontrolled reaction known as cytokine storm where mast...

    Authors: Juan Francisco Delgado de la Poza, Albert Rodrigo Parés, Isabel Aparicio-Calvente, Indira Bhambi Blanco, Jordi Gratacòs Masmitjà, Antoni Berenguer-Llergo and Joan Calvet Fontova
    Citation: Virology Journal 2025 22:58
  38. Cutaneous plasmacytosis (CP) is a rare disorder that may affect two or more organ systems, such as skin, lymph nodes or lungs. The pathogenesis of CP remains unknown, and in most cases, the condition follows a...

    Authors: Xiaoxi Xu, Wuwu Ding, Haizhen Song and Dong Wang
    Citation: Virology Journal 2025 22:57
  39. New anti-coronavirus drugs are continuously being developed to address the serious long-term challenge posed by numerous SARS-CoV-2 variants. The clinical immunosuppressants mycophenolate mofetil (MMF) and myc...

    Authors: Mengyuan Wu, Kun Wang, Huiqiang Wang, Haiyan Yan, Shuo Wu, Ge Yang, Yuhuan Li, Yongsheng Che and Jiandong Jiang
    Citation: Virology Journal 2025 22:56
  40. Herpes zoster(HZ), a severe complication following hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (HSCT), is associated with significant morbidity. The effect of herpes zoster vaccine(HZV) for preventing HZ on patien...

    Authors: Xunyi Jiao, Jinli Zhu, Yangyang Ding, Meng Xiao and Zhimin Zhai
    Citation: Virology Journal 2025 22:54
  41. Viral hemorrhagic Lassa fever (LF), caused by Lassa virus (LASV), is a significant public health concern endemic in West Africa with high morbidity and mortality rates, limited treatment options, and potential...

    Authors: Sharon Jan, Kruttika S. Phadke, Victor L. Lam, Steven S. Branda and Dylan M. Johnson
    Citation: Virology Journal 2025 22:52
  42. This study aims to develop a dynamic nomogram model using machine learning to improve short-term prognosis prediction and identify patients who would benefit from intravenous immunoglobulin (IVIG) therapy.

    Authors: Kai Yang, Bin Quan, Lingyan Xiao, Jianghua Yang, Dongyang Shi, Yongfu Liu, Jun Chen, Daguang Cui, Ying Zhang, Jianshe Xu, Qi Yuan and Yishan Zheng
    Citation: Virology Journal 2025 22:51
  43. Mothers with an undetectable viral load pose no risk of transmitting the Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV) to their fetuses. However, there is limited information on the HIV viral suppression status (≤ 1000 R...

    Authors: Getnet Hailu, Abrham Keraleme, Kidist Zealiyas, Asdesach Tesema, Negash Nuramed, Feven Girmachew, Daniel Melese, Saro Abdella, Jalleta Bulti, Getachew Tollera, Mesay Hailu and Kalkidan Yibeltal
    Citation: Virology Journal 2025 22:49
  44. Rash is a common childhood infection, mainly caused by viruses. Hand, foot, and mouth disease (HFMD), a common viral rash infection, has become one of the most common infectious diseases in Asian countries and...

    Authors: Ndack Ndiaye, Domingos Dias Teixeira, NDongo Dia, Carolina Cardoso Da Silva Leite, Gamou Fall, Ulardina Domingos Furtado, Yakhya Dieye, Mitsa Sanches, Ousmane Kébé, Fatou Diène Thiaw, Amadou Alpha Sall, Ousmane Faye, Boubacar Diallo, Abdourahmane Sow and Martin Faye
    Citation: Virology Journal 2025 22:48