Table 1 Baseline characteristics of the study population before and after 2:1 propensity score matching
Baseline characteristics | Before matching | After propensity score matching (2:1) | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Azvudine (n=1355) | Paxlovid (n=373) | P value | Azvudine (n=674) | Paxlovid (n=364) | P value | |
Sociodemographic information | ||||||
Age, years (mean ± SD) | 67.39 (14.43) | 68.58 (14.45) | 0.157 | 68.38 (13.80) | 68.40 (14.50) | 0.988 |
Gender, n(%) | <0.001 | 0.766 | ||||
Male | 886 (65.4) | 284 (76.1) | 504 (74.8) | 276 (75.8) | ||
Female | 469 (34.6) | 89 (23.9) | 170 (25.2) | 88 (24.2) | ||
BMI, kg/m2 (mean ± SD) | 24.84 (4.06) | 24.61 (3.56) | 0.322 | 24.81 (4.09) | 24.68 (3.55) | 0.607 |
Severity at admission, n(%) | <0.001 | 0.824 | ||||
Mild | 163 (12.0) | 17 (4.6) | 28 (4.2) | 17 (4.7) | ||
Moderate | 805 (59.4) | 208 (55.8) | 390 (57.9) | 204 (56.0) | ||
Severe/critical | 387 (28.6) | 148 (39.7) | 256 (38.0) | 143 (39.3) | ||
Vaccination status, n(%) | 0.865 | 0.913 | ||||
unvaccinated | 440 (32.5) | 114 (30.6) | 216 (32.0) | 111 (30.5) | ||
1 dose | 71 (5.2) | 16 (4.3) | 26 (3.9) | 16 (4.4) | ||
2 doses | 192 (14.2) | 52 (13.9) | 88 (13.1) | 52 (14.3) | ||
3 doses | 640 (47.2) | 187 (50.1) | 339 (50.3) | 181 (49.7) | ||
4 doses | 11 (0.8) | 4 (1.1) | 5 (0.7) | 4 (1.1) | ||
5 doses | 1 (0.1) | 0 (0.0) | 0 (0.0) | 0 (0.0) | ||
Concomitant hormone therapy, n(%) | <0.001 | 0.299 | ||||
No | 708 (52.3) | 239 (64.1) | 406 (60.2) | 232 (63.7) | ||
Yes | 647 (47.7) | 134 (35.9) | 268 (39.8) | 132 (36.3) | ||
Antibiotics, n(%) | <0.001 | 0.223 | ||||
No | 614 (45.3) | 218 (58.4) | 359 (53.3) | 209 (57.4) | ||
Yes | 741 (54.7) | 155 (41.6) | 315 (46.7) | 155 (42.6) | ||
Time from symptom onset to treatment exposure | <0.001 | 0.167 | ||||
> 5 days | 288 (21.3) | 148 (39.7) | 227 (33.7) | 139 (38.2) | ||
0–5 days | 1067 (78.7) | 225 (60.3) | 447 (66.3) | 225 (61.8) | ||
Comorbidities, n(%) | ||||||
Diabetes | 296 (21.8) | 87 (23.3) | 0.59 | 157 (23.3) | 86 (23.6) | 0.965 |
Hypertension | 611 (45.1) | 161 (43.2) | 0.545 | 306 (45.4) | 157 (43.1) | 0.525 |
Cardio-cerebral diseases | 457 (33.7) | 125 (33.5) | 0.987 | 226 (33.5) | 123 (33.8) | 0.987 |
Kidney diseases | 528 (39.0) | 111 (29.8) | 0.001 | 217 (32.2) | 111 (30.5) | 0.622 |
Chronic respiratory diseases | 248 (18.3) | 71 (19.0) | 0.805 | 128 (19.0) | 69 (19.0) | 1 |
Autoimmune diseases | 60 (4.4) | 20 (5.4) | 0.535 | 32 (4.7) | 20 (5.5) | 0.706 |
Primary malignant tumors | 177 (13.1) | 44 (11.8) | 0.575 | 79 (11.7) | 43 (11.8) | 1 |
Laboratory parameters, (mean ± SD) | ||||||
Neutrophil, ×109/L | 6.05 (4.05) | 6.77 (4.73) | 0.003 | 6.51 (4.11) | 6.73 (4.74) | 0.421 |
Lymphocyte, ×109/L | 1.01 (1.15) | 0.99 (1.33) | 0.801 | 0.99 (1.11) | 1.00 (1.35) | 0.842 |
Glucose, mmol/L | 8.29 (4.08) | 8.42 (4.42) | 0.605 | 8.13 (3.80) | 8.43 (4.44) | 0.248 |
High-density lipoprotein, mmol/L | 1.17 (2.35) | 1.01 (0.36) | 0.197 | 1.05 (1.54) | 1.01 (0.36) | 0.605 |
Low-density lipoprotein, mmol/L | 2.28 (1.95) | 2.18 (0.90) | 0.361 | 2.14 (0.89) | 2.17 (0.90) | 0.558 |
Alanine aminotransferase, IU/L | 56.96 (109.48) | 64.31 (100.78) | 0.244 | 62.32 (123.33) | 65.21 (101.83) | 0.702 |
Aspartate aminotransferase, IU/L | 54.59 (83.16) | 55.98 (81.72) | 0.774 | 55.99 (90.09) | 56.59 (82.56) | 0.915 |
Creatinine, µmol/L | 100.42 (174.70) | 91.74 (118.69) | 0.366 | 91.91 (99.81) | 92.59 (120.01) | 0.922 |
Glomerular filtration rate, ml/min | 86.03 (54.58) | 87.44 (56.29) | 0.661 | 86.29 (60.29) | 87.37 (56.93) | 0.781 |
C–reactive protein, mg/L | 55.73 (65.04) | 59.09 (66.25) | 0.379 | 60.35 (67.74) | 59.56 (66.63) | 0.857 |
Procalcitonin, ng/ml | 1.29 (6.59) | 1.38 (6.40) | 0.828 | 1.29 (5.61) | 1.39 (6.48) | 0.791 |
Prothrombin time, s | 18.00 (9.70) | 16.59 (12.03) | 0.019 | 17.41 (9.21) | 16.67 (12.13) | 0.27 |
Activated partial thromboplastin time, s | 27.09 (11.69) | 27.15 (15.37) | 0.937 | 27.19 (11.02) | 27.31 (15.48) | 0.888 |
Cholesterol, mmol/L | 3.93 (2.02) | 3.74 (1.15) | 0.074 | 3.75 (1.13) | 3.74 (1.14) | 0.979 |
Triglyceride, mmol/L | 1.47 (2.22) | 1.32 (0.83) | 0.212 | 1.30 (0.77) | 1.33 (0.83) | 0.593 |
Alkaline phosphatase, IU/L | 93.74 (72.74) | 93.88 (64.60) | 0.972 | 92.09 (70.90) | 93.53 (63.79) | 0.746 |
Gamma-glutamyl transpeptidase, IU/L | 84.06 (194.79) | 79.21 (105.88) | 0.644 | 78.71 (96.60) | 80.39 (106.89) | 0.796 |
Albumin, g/L | 34.28 (11.71) | 32.82 (8.01) | 0.023 | 32.59 (10.20) | 32.91 (7.90) | 0.6 |
Total bilirubin, umol/L | 14.51 (16.92) | 14.17 (21.45) | 0.745 | 14.52 (15.35) | 14.22 (21.70) | 0.795 |