Table 3 Clinical features between EBV and other herpes viruses associated encephalitis
Characteristic | EBV associated (n = 39) | Other herpes viruses associated (n = 49) | p value |
|---|---|---|---|
Age (years, median and IQR) | 55.000 [43.500, 62.500] | 37.000 [27.000, 57.000] | <0.001 |
Gender (male, %) | 28 (71.795) | 27 (55.102) | 0.166 |
Clinical manifestation (%) | |||
Consciousness disturbance | 19 (48.718) | 19 (38.776) | 0.472 |
Behavioral and psychological symptoms | 6 (15.385) | 12 (24.490) | 0.432 |
Seizure | 5 (12.821) | 14 (28.571) | 0.128 |
Mechanical ventilation | 14 (35.897) | 10 (20.408) | 0.168 |
Immunocompromised (%) | 0.123 | ||
HIV | 4 (10.256) | 2 (4.082) | |
Malignancy | 1 (2.564) | 0 (0.000) | |
Immunosuppression for non-neoplastic condition | 4 (10.256) | 1 (2.041) | |
CSF features | |||
Cell counts (median and IQR) | 70.000 [6.000, 140.000] | 50.000 [10.000, 190.000] | <0.001 |
Proteins (g/L, median and IQR) | 1.310 [0.695, 1.840] | 0.710 [0.490, 1.700] | <0.001 |
Glucose (mmol/L, median and IQR) | 3.030 [2.585, 3.640] | 3.380 [2.990, 4.030] | <0.001 |
Chlorine (mmol/L, median and IQR) | 119.000 [115.000, 125.000] | 125.000 [120.000, 128.000] | <0.001 |
Leukocytosis (%) | 32 (82.051) | 39 (79.592) | 0.985 |
Proteins increasing (%) | 34 (87.179) | 38 (77.551) | 0.376 |
Glucose reduction (%) | 8 (20.513) | 2 (4.082) | 0.038 |
Chlorine reduction (%) | 20 (51.282) | 12 (24.490) | 0.018 |
Increased IgG synthesis rate (%) | 14 (77.778) | 21 (61.765) | 0.390 |
MRI features (%) | |||
Positive findings of parenchyma | 19 (52.778) | 20 (43.478) | 0.593 |
Positive meningeal findings | 11 (30.556) | 3 (6.522) | 0.010 |
Peripheral blood (median and IQR) | |||
White blood cells (109/L) | 7.790 [6.035, 10.785] | 7.150 [6.170, 9.900] | <0.001 |
Lymphocytes (109/L) | 1.120 [0.665, 1.305] | 1.180 [0.700, 1.510] | <0.001 |
Monocyte (109/L) | 0.660 [0.455, 0.945] | 0.550 [0.440, 0.630] | 0.004 |
CD3 + T lymphocytes (cell/ul) | 504.000 [414.000, 785.500] | 589.000 [458.000, 806.000] | <0.001 |
CD4 + T lymphocytes (cell/ul) | 254.000 [222.500, 454.500] | 309.000 [152.000, 371.000] | <0.001 |
CD8 + T lymphocytes (cell/ul) | 220.000 [101.000, 305.500] | 240.000 [176.000, 395.000] | <0.001 |
EBV in peripheral blood (%) | 0.005 | ||
Negative | 15 (45.455) | 27 (75.000) | |
Latent infection | 8 (24.242) | 8 (22.222) | |
Active infection | 10 (30.303) | 1 (2.778) | |
Poor prognoses (%) | 0.250 | ||
Consciousness disturbance | 4 (10.256) | 1 (2.041) | |
Mechanical ventilation | 3 (7.692) | 4 (8.163) | |
Death | 1 (2.564) | 0 (0.000) |