Table 1 Clinical features between patients with or without EBV infection

Age (years, median and IQR)

53.000 [34.000, 62.000]

47.000 [28.250, 57.000]

< 0.001

-

1.015*

1.002–1.029

Gender (male, %)

63 (73.256)

180 (64.748)

0.183

-

1.491

0.882–2.592

Clinical manifestation (%)

 Consciousness disturbance

38 (44.186)

108 (38.849)

0.449

-

1.246

0.762–2.030

 Behavioral and psychological symptoms

22 (25.581)

85 (30.576)

0.451

-

0.781

0.444–1.333

 Seizure

14 (16.279)

62 (22.302)

0.294

-

0.677

0.346–1.252

 Mechanical ventilation

23 (26.744)

56 (20.144)

0.251

-

1.447

0.816–2.513

Immunocompromised (%)

0.001

1.258–2.561

 HIV

9 (10.465)

8 ( 2.878)

-

4.285*

1.582–11.816

 Malignancy

3 ( 3.488)

7 ( 2.518)

-

1.632

0.345–6.041

 Immunosuppression for non-neoplastic condition

6 ( 6.977)

4 ( 1.439)

-

5.713*

1.588–22.883

CSF features

 Cell counts (median and IQR)

105.000 [20.000, 180.000]

37.500 [3.000, 157.500]

< 0.001

-

1.000

1.000–1.000

 Proteins (g/L, median and IQR)

1.310 [0.702, 2.077]

0.850 [0.450, 1.630]

< 0.001

-

1.032

0.943–1.128

 Glucose (mmol/L, median and IQR)

2.900 [2.183, 3.607]

3.290 [2.652, 4.008]

< 0.001

-

0.783*

0.650–0.932

 Chlorine (mmol/L, median and IQR)

121.000 [115.000, 126.000]

123.000 [116.000, 127.750]

< 0.001

-

0.990

0.966–1.015

 Leukocytosis (%)

72 (83.721)

200 (71.942)

0.040

-

2.006*

1.097–3.895

 Proteins increasing (%)

76 (88.372)

207 (74.460)

0.010

-

2.607*

1.331–5.612

 Glucose reduction (%)

27 (31.395)

59 (21.223)

0.073

-

1.699

0.983–2.895

 Chlorine reduction (%)

37 (43.023)

100 (35.971)

0.293

-

1.344

0.819–2.196

 Increased IgG synthesis rate (%)

32 (76.190)

77 (47.531)

0.002

44.0

3.532*

1.680–8.012

MRI features (%)

 Positive findings of parenchyma

40 (54.795)

118 (46.640)

0.273

10.4

1.387

0.823–2.349

 Positive meningeal findings

26 (35.616)

61 (24.111)

0.071

10.4

1.741

0.988–3.032

Peripheral blood (median and IQR)

 White blood cells (10⁹/L)

8.325 [6.192, 10.545]

7.895 [5.920, 10.510]

< 0.001

-

1.006

0.949–1.064

 Lymphocytes (10⁹/L)

1.080 [0.715, 1.447]

1.165 [0.832, 1.647]

< 0.001

-

0.793

0.530–1.163

 Monocyte (10⁹/L)

0.660 [0.450, 0.947]

0.570 [0.422, 0.780]

< 0.001

-

1.556

0.779–3.063

 CD3 + T lymphocytes (cell/µl)

488.500 [318.750, 782.250]

636.000 [408.500, 935.000]

< 0.001

56.9

0.999*

0.998-1.000

 CD4 + T lymphocytes (cell/µl)

237.000 [129.500, 450.000]

334.000 [189.500, 518.500]

< 0.001

56.9

0.998*

0.996-1.000

 CD8 + T lymphocytes (cell/µl)

214.000 [96.500, 330.750]

223.000 [163.500, 377.500]

< 0.001

56.9

0.998

0.996-1.000

EBV in peripheral blood (%)

< 0.001

 Negative

24 (41.379)

116 (74.839)

 Latent infection

15 (25.862)

30 (19.355)

41.5

2.417*

1.117–5.151

 Active infection

19 (32.759)

9 (5.806)

41.5

10.204*

4.231–26.346

Poor prognoses (%)

0.600

 Consciousness disturbance

10 (11.628)

20 (7.194)

-

1.724

0.742–3.785

 Mechanical ventilation

7 (8.140)

20 (7.194)

-

1.207

0.457–2.855

 Death

2 (2.326)

7 (2.518)

-

0.985

0.144–4.190