Fig. 6

Cytokine-armed oncolytic virus modulates tumor immunity via T/NK effector response. A Schematic of BALB/c mice with subcutaneous 4T1 tumors treated with oncolytic virus. One week post intratumoral injection of OVs (10⁷ PFU), the mice in each group (n = 5) were sacrificed, the tumoral single cells and splenic lymphocytes were stained with live-dead dye and fluorescent antibodies. B Representative flow cytometry plots for intracellular staining of GZMB, IFN-γ in CD4⁺, CD8⁺, and NK(CD49b⁺) cells. The single cell suspension was subjected to live dead staining and live single cells were gated for further analysis. C-N The mean fluorescence intensity (MFI) of GZMB and IFN-γ on spleen(C-H) or tumoral CD4⁺T, CD8⁺T and NK cells. Data presented as the means ± SD. Statistical significance were calculated by one-way ANOVA followed by Bonferroni’s multiple comparisons test. *p < 0.05, **p < 0.01, ***p < 0.001 and ****p < 0.0001