Fig. 2
From: Canine papillomavirus: status of diagnostic methods and vaccine innovations
The schematic illustrates how current diagnostic methods leverage the unique characteristics of CPV for detection. These approaches specifically target neoplastic tissue growth and cytopathy (H&E, Green), nucleic acids (PCR, RCA, ISH, NGS, Yellow), viral antigens (IHC, ELISA, Blue), and viral particles (TEM, light blue), respectively