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Fig. 2 | Virology Journal

Fig. 2

From: Emerging zoonotic potential of H4N1 avian influenza virus: enhanced human receptor binding and replication via novel mutations

Fig. 2

Hemagglutination assay results for H4N1 AIVs. Flow cytometry analysis in (a) showed that the guinea pigs RBCs, treated with α2,3 sialidase, were found to possess only α2,6 sialic acid. (c) showed that horses RBCs contain exclusively α2,3 sialic acid. The hemagglutination assay results using α2,6 RBCs shown in (b), indicate that all three H4N1 AIVs are capable of binding to α2,6 sialic acid, with CS01-A4 and CS01-A7 exhibiting a higher binding affinity compared to CS01. As a control, the H1N1 human influenza virus bound effectively to α2,6 sialic acid, whereas the H9N2 AIV did not exhibit binding to α2,6 sialic acid. (d) presents the hemagglutination assay results using α2,3 RBCs, which show that all three H4N1 AIVs and H9N2 AIV are capable of binding to α2,3 sialic acid. The H1N1 human influenza virus did not exhibit binding to α2,3 sialic acid

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Virology Journal

ISSN: 1743-422X