Fig. 5
From: The rising threat of Nipah virus: a highly contagious and deadly zoonotic pathogen
Transmission of NiV: (1) Fruit bats are often the natural reservoirs of NiV; (2) The saliva, urine, blood or excreta can transmit the pathogen to pigs or to fruits or date palm sap; (3) Human can get infected either with the direct interaction with pigs or through consumption of contaminated fruits; (4) Bat guano may come in contact with human; (5) Human-to-human transmission of the Nipah virus occurs through body fluids