Fig. 1

Phylogenetic tree of the full-length spike gene from infectious bronchitis virus isolates in Saudi Arabia. This figure illustrates the phylogenetic tree of the full-length spike gene of infectious bronchitis virus (IBV) isolates from Saudi Arabia. The tree was generated through maximum likelihood analysis with 1000 bootstrap replications to ensure robust statistical support. The isolates from the current study are represented in red font, whereas the vaccine strains are shown in blue font