Table 2 The role of the lipid metabolism, lipid raft, and lipid receptors in DENV

Cholesterol and sphingolipids

Lipid rafts, which are membrane microdomains rich in Cholesterol and sphingolipids, have a crucial function in the internalization of DENV into macrophages

[32]

Lipid profiles

Lipid profiles of mosquitoes with dual infection match those of mosquitoes with DENV type 3 mono-infection, indicating that virus-driven modulation predominates over Wolbachia-driven modulation

[38]

Transmembrane protein 41B and vacuole membrane protein 1

The replication of coronaviruses and flaviviruses was facilitated by the critical functions that Transmembrane protein 41B and vacuole membrane protein 1 play in modulating various cellular processes, including lipid mobilization, mitochondrial beta-oxidation, and global metabolic controls, as demonstrated by researchers

[40]

Exogenous fatty acids

Significantly, exogenous FAs can replace autophagy’s need for DENV replication. These findings clarify the function of autophagy in DENV infection and provide a way for viruses to modify cellular lipid metabolism to facilitate reproduction

[45]

Cholesterol

Researchers use nystatin or methyl-b-cyclodextrin to study how the Cholesterol content affects the four DENV serotypes’ ability to spread infection and to look into how these Cholesterol-binding drugs inactivate virion infectivity

[11]

Fc-gamma receptors attach to lipid rafts

According to this theory, the newly discovered serotype-infecting virus would combine with pre-existing non-neutralizing antibodies to create immunological complexes, which will increase the virus’s ability to infect macrophages and other cells that express the FcγR

[61]

High-density lipoprotein cholesterol, and low-density lipoprotein cholesterol

When comparing patients with dengue to those with other febrile illnesses and between patients with severe and mild dengue episodes, it was shown that patients with dengue had lower levels of High-Density Lipoprotein Cholesterol, and Low-Density Lipoprotein Cholesterol

[62]

Human niemann-Pick C1

Members of the Niemann-Pick C1 and myeloid differentiation 2-related lipid recognition protein families have higher mRNA abundances after DENV infection, according to DENV infection-responsive transcriptome analysis

[68]

LDLR-related protein 1

Researchers postulated that the DENV alters the expression of the LDLR-related protein 1 to preserve intracellular Cholesterol obtained from the host, thus promoting viral replication in membrane-associated replication compartments

[69]