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Table 3 Unadjusted model of risk factors for primary care visits following ccCoV and influenza virus infections

From: Clinical symptoms, comorbidities and health outcomes among outpatients infected with the common cold coronaviruses versus influenza virus

Variables

Primary care visits with symptoms of RTI

ccCoV

Influenza

n = 56 (%)

OR (95% CI)

P value

n = 115 (%)

OR (95% CI)

P value

Gender

      

 Male

27 (48.2)

(Ref)

 

54 (47.0)

(Ref)

 

 Female

29 (51.8)

0.7 (0.4–1.3)

0.291

61 (53.0)

0.9 (0.6–1.4)

0.771

Age, years, mean (range)

50.2 (16–78)

1.0 (1.0–1.0)

0.501

44.1 (13–80)

1.0 (1.0–1.0)

0.175

Presence of baseline comorbidities

      

 None

16 (29.1)

(Ref)

 

38 (33.0)

(Ref)

 

 Yes

39 (70.9)

2.1 (1.1–4.1)

0.030*

77 (67.0)

1.9 (1.2–2.9)

0.006*

Number of baseline comorbidities

      

 None

16 (29.1)

(Ref)

 

38 (33.0)

(Ref)

 

 1

14 (25.5)

2.3 (1.0-5.3)

0.06

28 (24.3)

1.8 (1.0-3.2)

0.049*

 2

13 (23.6)

2.0 (0.9–4.8)

0.109

24 (20.9)

2.0 (1.1–3.7)

0.027*

 ≥ 3

12 (21.8)

2.0 (0.8–4.8)

0.119

25 (21.7)

1.9 (1.0-3.4)

0.040*

Hypertension

      

 No

29 (52.7)

(Ref)

 

80 (69.6)

(Ref)

 

 Yes

26 (47.3)

1.4 (0.8–2.7)

0.268

35 (30.4)

1.3 (0.8–2.1)

0.247

Dyslipidemia

      

 No

37 (67.3)

(Ref)

 

88 (76.5)

(Ref)

 

 Yes

18 (32.7)

1.8 (0.9–3.6)

0.098

27 (23.5)

1.8 (1.0–3.0)

0.040*

Diabetes mellitus

      

 No

43 (78.2)

(Ref)

 

90 (78.3)

(Ref)

 

 Yes

12 (21.8)

1.4 (0.6–3.1)

0.388

25 (21.7)

1.1 (0.7–1.9)

0.672

  1. Abbreviations: ccCoV, common cold coronaviruses; RTI, respiratory tract infection; OR, odds ratio; CI, confidence interval.
  2. * P < 0.05 is statistically significant.