Table 3 Odds ratio and 95% confidence interval for COVID-19 related outcomes according to exposure to UDCA
Exposure | Control (%) | Event (%) | Crude OR (95% CI) | P-value | Adjusted OR* (95% CI) | P-value |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Non-exposure to UDCA | 645 (88.0) | 670 (91.4) | 1.00 | Â | 1.00 | Â |
 Exposure to UDCA | 88 (12.0) | 63 (8.6) | 0.69 (0.49–0.97) | 0.03 | 0.67 (0.46–0.98) | 0.04 |
Cumulative defined daily dose (mg) | ||||||
 cDDD < 22.5 | 669 (91.3) | 689 (94.0) | 1.00 |  | 1.00 |  |
 22.5 ≤ cDDD < 67.5 | 28 (3.8) | 25 (3.4) | 0.87 (0.50–1.50) | 0.61 | 0.89 (0.50–1.58) | 0.68 |
 cDDD ≥ 67.5 | 36 (4.9) | 19 (2.6) | 0.51 (0.29–0.90) | 0.02 | 0.48 (0.27–0.88) | 0.02 |
Cumulative exposure duration (days) | ||||||
 cED < 30 | 645 (88.0) | 670 (91.4) | 1.00 |  | 1.00 |  |
 30 ≤ cED < 90 | 24 (3.3) | 26 (3.6) | 1.04 (0.59–1.84) | 0.88 | 1.07 (0.59–1.97) | 0.82 |
 cED ≥ 90 | 64 (8.7) | 37 (5.0) | 0.56 (0.37–0.85) | 0.006 | 0.53 (0.34–0.84) | 0.006 |