Table 2 Summary of vaccine-related characteristics of the included studies
No. | Author/ Year | Received Dose | Time since Cell Therapy to 1st Dose | Primary Vaccine | Additional Vaccine | Time since 2nd to 3rd Dose/ 3rd to 4th Dose | Antibody Detection Method; Criteria for Determining Seropositivity |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
1 | Abid, M. B./ 2022 [63] | 3 | N/R | BNT162b2/ mRNA-1273 | BNT162b2/ mRNA-1273/ mix-and-match | At least 28 days | AdviseDx SARS-CoV-2 IgG II assay; ≥ 50 AU/mL |
2 | Albiol, N./ 2023 [33] | 3 | G1: Median: 14 [range 3–24] months G2: Median: 43 [range 30–90] months | mRNA-1273 | mRNA-1273 | 5–6 months | SARS-CoV-2 IgG II Quant test (Abbott, Illinois, USA); ≥ 0.417 AU |
3 | Attolico, I./ 2022 [64] | 3 | G1: ≤ 1 year G2:1–5 years G3 ≥ 5 years | BNT162b2 | BNT162b2 | N/R | Abbott immunoassay; ≥ 50 AU/ml |
4 | Barkhordar, M./ 2023 [24] | 3 | Median: 133 days [IQR 107.5–228] | Receptor-binding domain (RBD)–tetanus toxoid (TT)-conjugated SARS-CoV-2 vaccine (Soberana 2) | Receptor-binding domain (RBD)–tetanus toxoid (TT)-conjugated SARS-CoV-2 vaccine (Soberana 2) | 1 month | ChemoBind SARS-CoV-2 Neutralizing Antibody Test Kit (ChemoBind, Tehran, Iran); > 1.1 ISR |
5 | Canti, L./ 2022 [28] | 3 | Median: 31 months [IQR 14–42] | BNT162b2 | BNT162b2 | 14–26 weeks | WANTAI SARS-Cov-2 Ab ELISA (Beijing Wantai Biological Pharmacy Enterprise, Beijing, China) |
6 | Chevallier, P./ 2022 [65] | 3 | Median: 33.5 months [range 3–282] | BNT162b2 | BNT162b2 | Median: 44 [range 20–205] days | Roche S tAb/ Abbott S IgG/ DiaSorin TriS/ Atellica/ Novalisa |
7 | Debie, Y./ 2021 [27] | 3 | N/R | BNT162b2 | BNT162b2 | 183 ± 10 days | Wantai SARS-CoV-2 IgG ELISA (Quantitative); CE-marked; WS-1396; lot NCOG120210301; Beijing Wantai Biological Pharmacy Enterprise Co., Ltd., China |
8 | Einarsdottir, S./ 2022 [34] | 3 | N/R | BNT162b2/ mRNA-1273 | BNT162b2/ mRNA-1273 | Median: 127 days [range 56–174] | SARS-CoV-2 IgG II Quant (Abbott, Illinois, USA); ≥ 14 BAU/mL |
9 | Fatobene, G./ 2023 [30] | 3 | Median: 5 [range: 1–212] months | CoronaVac | BNT162b2 | ≥ 28 days | N/R |
10 | Federico, L./ 2023 [66] | 3 & 4 | Median: 14 [range 3–82] months | BNT162b2/ mRNA-1273 | BNT162b2/ mRNA-1273 | N/R | Multiplexed bead-based assay; > 70 AU/mL |
11 | Gössi, S./ 2022 [49] | 3 & 4 | Median: 286 days [range 23–975] | BNT162b2/ mRNA-1273 | BNT162b2/ mRNA-1273 | N/R | Anti-SARSCoV-2 IgG indirect chemiluminescence immuno assay (CLIA) (Liaison® XL by DiaSorin, Saluggia, Italy); > 12 AU/mL |
12 | Haggenburg, S./ 2022 [32] | 3 | N/R | mRNA-1273 | mRNA-1273 | 5 months | Multiplex bead-based immune assay; > 10 BAU/mL |
13 | Henig, I./ 2023 [31] | 3 | G1:< 6 months G2: 6–12 months G3:> 12 months | BNT162b2 | BNT162b2 | > 5 months | SARS-CoV-2 IgG II Quant (Abbott©, Chicago, IL, USA) assay; > 150 AU/mL |
14 | Hütter-Krönke, M. L./ 2023 [55] | 3 | Median: 750 days [range 40–10,566] | BNT162b2/ ChAdOx1-S/ mRNA-1273/ JNJ-78436735/ Mixed vaccination (mostly ChAdOx1-S followed by an mRNA-vaccine) | BNT162b2/ mRNA-1273 | Median: 173 [range 14–285] days | IgG ELISA assay (Euroimmun) or an EIA Assay (Roche); ≥ 0.8 U/ml |
15 | Khan, Q. J./ 2022 [67] | 3 | Median: 440 days | BNT162b2/ mRNA-1273/ JNJ-78436735 | BNT162b2/ mRNA-1273 | Median: 154 days | Roche Elecsys anti-SARS-CoV-2 S enzyme immunoassay; ≥ 0.8 U/ml |
16 | Kimura, M./ 2022 [38] | 3 | Median: 185 [IQR 115–524] days | BNT162b2/ mRNA-1273/ Mixed | BNT162b2/ mRNA-1273/ Mixed | N/R | Roche Elecsys anti-SARS-CoV-2 S enzyme immunoassay; > 0.8 U/mL |
17 | Kokogho, A./ 2023 [35] | 3 & 4 | Median: 140.5 [range − 48-254] days | BNT162b2/ mRNA-1273/ JNJ-78436735 | BNT162b2/ mRNA-1273 | N/R | Roche Elecsys Anti-SARS-CoV-2 spike immunoassay; ≥ 0.8 U/mL |
18 | Le Bourgeois, A./ 2021 [68] | 3 | Median: 719 [range 91–6198] days | BNT162b2 | BNT162b2 | N/R | Roche Elecsys (Rotkreuz, Switzerland); ≥ 0.8 U/ml |
19 | Liga, M./ 2022 [69] | 3 | Median: 913.5 days [range: 137–4086] | BNT162b2/ ChAdOx1-S | N/R | N/R | Abbott SARS-CoV-2 IgG II Quant assay; ≥ 50 AU/mL |
20 | Loubet, P./ 2023 [70] | 3 | N/R | BNT162b2/ mRNA-1273 | BNT162b2/ mRNA-1273/ mix-and-match | Median: 4.1 [IQR 4.0–4.9] weeks | QuantiVac ELISA kit from Euroimmun® (Lubeck, Germany); a ratio of optic density (OD) of the sample to that of a calibratorof ≥1.1 |
21 | Majcherek, M./ 2023 [71] | 3 | Allo-G: Median: 23 [range 3–112] months Auto-G: Median: 10 [range 4–38] months | BNT162b2 | BNT162b2 | 168 [range 144–244] days | Chemiluminescent microparticle immunoassay (CMIA) “Alinity I” from Abbott Diagnostic |
22 | Maillard, A./ 2022 [54] | 3 | Median: 18.5 [IQR 10.1–42.6] months | BNT162b2/ mRNA-1273 | BNT162b2/ mRNA-1273 | Median: 54.0 [IQR 34.0–73.8] days | Abbott SARS-CoV-2 IgG II Quant-test (Abbott S IgG); ≥ 50 AU/mL/ Roche Elecsys anti-SARS-CoV-2 S (Roche S tAb); ≥ 0.8 U/ml/ DiaSorin Liaison SARS-CoV-2 TrimericS IgG (DiaSorin TriS IgG); ≥ 13 AU/ml/ Siemens SARS-CoV-2 IgG (Siemens sCOVG); ≥ 1.0 U/ml/ Wantai SARS-CoV-2 IgG ELISA (Wantai S IgG); ≥ 0.75 AU/ml |
23 | Marco, I./ 2022 [36] | 3 | N/R | BNT162b2 | BNT162b2 | N/R | N/A |
24 | Mittal, A./ 2023 [62] | 3 & 4 | N/R | BNT162b2/ mRNA-1273 | BNT162b2/ mRNA-1273 | 2nd to 3rd: N/R | Roche Elecsys anti-SARS-CoV-2 S enzyme immunoassay; ≥ 0.8 U/mL |
3rd to 4th: Median: 135.5 [IQR 121.7–161.5] days | |||||||
25 | Nikoloudis, A./ 2023 [72] | 3 & 4 | Median: 30.89 [range 2.53–215.07] months | BNT162b2/ mRNA-1273 | BNT162b2/ mRNA-1273 | 2nd to 3rd: Median: 189 [range 56–273] days | SARS-CoV-2 IgG II Quant assay (Abbott, Ireland); ≥ 7.1 BAU/mL |
3rd to 4th: Median: 110 days | |||||||
26 | Piñana, J. L./ 2023 [50] | 3 | Allo-G: Median: 33 [range: 2–317] months Auto-G: Median: 36 [range: 3–305] months CAR-T-G: Median: 9.6 [range: 4.4–23.5] months | BNT162b2/ mRNA-1273/ Adenoviral vector-based | BNT162b2/ mRNA-1273 | Allo-G: Median: 161 [range 31–390] days Auto-G: Median: 149 [range 69–538] days CAR-T-G: Median: 182 [range 122–253] days | Architect SARS-CoV-2 IgG Quant II chemiluminescent microparticle immunoassay (Abbott Diagnostics, Ill, USA)/ Liaison SARS-CoV-2 S1/S2 IgG chemiluminescent assay (DiaSorin S.p.A., Saluggia, Italy)/ MAGLUMI 2019-nCoV IgG chemiluminescent assay (SNIBE—Shenzhen New Industries Biomedical Engineering Co., Ltd., Shenzhen, China)/ Elecsys anti-SARS-CoV-2 S (Roche Diagnostics (Pleasanton, CA, USA))/ Atellica SARS-CoV-2 (Siemmens, Germany) |
27 | Ram, R./ 2022 [29] | 3 | Allo-G: Median: 31 [range 11–65] months CAR-T-G: Median: 14 [range 8–17] months | BNT162b2 | BNT162b2 | Median: 5.2 [range 5.1–5.6] months | SARS-CoV-2 IgG II Quant, Cat no. 6S60; Abbott Ireland; > 150 AU/mL |
28 | Sharifi Aliabadi, L./ 2023 [25] | 3 | Homologous arm: Median: 206 [IQR 178–265] days Hetrologous arm: Median: 219 [IQR 178–277] days | Receptor-binding domain (RBD)–tetanus toxoid (TT)-conjugated SARS-CoV-2 vaccine (Soberana 2) | Receptor-binding domain (RBD)–tetanus toxoid (TT)-conjugated SARS-CoV-2 vaccine (Soberana 2)/ CoronaVac | 1 month | ChemoBind SARS-CoV-2 Neutralizing Antibody Test Kit (ChemoBind, Tehran, Iran); > 1.1 ISR |
29 | Thümmler, L./ 2022 [37] | 3 | Median: 4.1 years [range 0.5–24] | N/R | N/R | N/R | CE-marked anti-SARSCoV- 2 IgG semiquantitative ELISA (Euroimmun, Lübeck, Germany) and a quantitative ELISA (anti-SARS-CoV-2-QuantiVac-ELISA, Euroimmun, Lübeck, Germany)- |
30 | Tsoutsoukis, M./ 2023 [26] | 3 & 4 | Median: 145 days [range 79–700] | BNT162B2/ mRNA-1273/ ChAdOx1-S | BNT162B2/ mRNA-1273 | N/R | N/R |
31 | Vanlerberghe, B./ 2023 [73] | 3 | N/R | BNT162b2/ mRNA-1273/ ChAdOx1-S/ JNJ-78436735 | BNT162b2/ mRNA-1273 | N/R | Abbot’s SARS-CoV-2 IgG II Quant anti-S chemiluminescent immunoassays (CLIA); ≥ 50 AU/mL |
32 | Watanabe, M./ 2022 [74] | 3 | N/R | BNT162b2 | BNT162b2/ mRNA-1273 | Median: 219 [range 194–258] days | QuaResearch COVID-19 Human IgM IgG ELISA kit (Cellspect, Inc., RCOEL961S1, Iwate, Japan); The optimal optical density (O.D.) of anti-S1 > 0.26 |