Fig. 4

Changes in neutralizing antibody titers with time in PLWHIV on virological suppression. Neutralizing activity was compared between the first and second sample for each participant and expressed as % inhibition using a surrogate virus neutralization test. Participants split into three groups: unvaccinated persons with previous SARS-CoV-2 infection (assessed by a positive total anti-N antibody test), displayed in green; vaccinated persons without previous SARS-CoV-2 infection, displayed in gray; and previously SARS-CoV-2 infected and vaccinated person, displayed in orange; ***p < 0.0001; ns, non-statistically significant